Explore the full list of Trump tariffs by country and their percentage impact on global trade. Understand how each nation was affected by the U.S. trade policies.
Introduction: The Trump Tariffs and Their Global Impact
The Trump administration’s decision to impose tariffs on a variety of goods had a profound effect on global trade relations. Beginning in 2018, President Donald Trump introduced a series of tariffs targeting countries like China, the European Union, Mexico, Canada, and others. These tariffs were intended to protect American industries, reduce the trade deficit, and encourage the U.S. to “win” the trade war. In this article, we’ll dive into the complete list of Trump tariffs by country, explore the percentage of tariffs imposed, and understand how each nation was impacted by these trade policies.
Trump Tariffs: Full List & Percentage Breakdown
1. China
China was by far the most impacted by the Trump tariffs. The U.S. imposed tariffs on hundreds of billions of dollars worth of Chinese goods. The tariff rate started at 10% and increased to 25% on various products, including electronics, machinery, and chemicals. China retaliated with tariffs of its own, affecting American agricultural exports.
Key Tariffs:
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Electronics & machinery: 25%
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Steel and aluminum: 25%
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Consumer goods: 10%-25%
Impact:
China’s exports to the U.S. were hit hard, and both countries saw negative economic repercussions due to the ongoing trade dispute.
2. European Union (EU)
The European Union was a major target, especially in steel and aluminum industries. The U.S. imposed tariffs of 25% on steel and 10% on aluminum, citing national security reasons. The EU retaliated with tariffs on U.S. goods, including agricultural products, motor vehicles, and luxury goods.
Key Tariffs:
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Steel and aluminum: 25%
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Motor vehicles and parts: 10%-25%
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Luxury goods (e.g., whiskey, motorcycles): 25%
Impact:
The EU’s trade relations with the U.S. were strained, leading to retaliatory tariffs and a reduction in trade volume between the two. American companies, particularly in the automobile sector, also faced challenges.
3. Mexico & Canada (USMCA Agreement)
Mexico and Canada, both important trading partners of the U.S., were initially affected by Trump’s tariffs, particularly on steel and aluminum. However, these tariffs were partially lifted following the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) into the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA).
Key Tariffs:
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Steel and aluminum: 25%
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Agricultural products: 5%-25%
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Automobile parts: 10%
Impact:
The USMCA agreement alleviated some of the tariffs’ pressure, but the trade balance remained a contentious issue. Mexico and Canada found alternative markets for some of their exports, while still facing challenges in others, such as agriculture.
4. Japan
Japan was impacted by U.S. tariffs, especially on automobiles. While the country managed to avoid many of the tariff hikes on other sectors, Japanese automakers faced the threat of U.S. tariffs on cars and parts.
Key Tariffs:
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Automobiles: Potential 25%
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Steel and aluminum: 25%
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Electronics: 10%
Impact:
Japan faced a major shift in trade policies, particularly with its major exports to the U.S. Japan retaliated with tariffs on American agricultural products and machinery.
5. India
India’s trade relations with the U.S. were significantly impacted when Trump imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum products. Additionally, the U.S. withdrew India’s preferential trade status under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), affecting thousands of Indian exports to the U.S.
Key Tariffs:
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Steel and aluminum: 25%
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Textiles and garments: 10%-25%
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Agricultural products: 5%-25%
Impact:
India saw a reduction in exports, especially in textiles and agricultural goods. In return, India imposed retaliatory tariffs on U.S. products like almonds, apples, and motorcycles.
6. South Korea
South Korea, a close ally of the U.S., faced tariffs on steel and aluminum products. However, South Korea was able to negotiate some exemptions for its steel exports under the revised Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA).
Key Tariffs:
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Steel: 25%
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Aluminum: 10%
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Auto parts: 10%
Impact:
South Korea’s exports to the U.S. were hit by tariffs, but the country managed to navigate the trade dispute by renegotiating parts of the trade agreement. South Korean industries, particularly in automotive and technology, were affected.
7. Turkey
Turkey faced significant tariffs, especially on steel and aluminum. The Trump administration imposed tariffs on Turkish steel in response to geopolitical tensions between the two countries, particularly concerning issues in Syria.
Key Tariffs:
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Steel and aluminum: 25%
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Textiles: 5%-25%
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Automobiles: 10%
Impact:
Turkey’s steel industry, a key export to the U.S., was particularly impacted. The country retaliated with tariffs on U.S. products like automobiles and alcohol.
8. Brazil
Brazil was subjected to U.S. tariffs, mainly on steel and agricultural products. However, Brazil was able to offset some of the losses by diversifying its exports to other markets, particularly in Asia.
Key Tariffs:
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Steel: 25%
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Agricultural products: 10%-25%
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Coffee: 10%
Impact:
Brazil’s agricultural exports, especially soybeans, were significantly impacted by the tariffs. However, the country found new trade partners in other regions.
Conclusion: The Global Impact of Trump’s Tariffs
Trump’s tariffs had a far-reaching impact on global trade. While they were designed to protect U.S. industries and reduce the trade deficit, the tariffs triggered retaliatory actions from countries around the world. Countries like China, Mexico, and the European Union experienced severe trade disruptions, while the U.S. also faced challenges as goods became more expensive.
The tariff list by country shows the uneven effects on global trade, with some nations managing to renegotiate terms and mitigate the impacts, while others suffered from reduced exports and higher prices. Understanding the breakdown of these tariffs is essential for understanding the broader implications of U.S. trade policy during the Trump administration.
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